Evaluación de la concentración de cadmio y plomo presente en el suelo y diferentes partes de la planta de cacao nacional (Theobroma cacao L), y su movilidad en el sistema suelo–planta con la aplicación de Bocashi.

Abstract

Ecuador is one of the main producing countries of national cacao, also known as “Cacao arriba”. However,

there is a deficient nutritional composition in soils with cacao crop and in some cases, they are contaminated with trace elements. The Bokashi could help with this problematic. The study was carried out in plants of national cacao cultivated in Joya the Sachas, Orellana Province. The concentration of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was analyzed and evaluated in soil-plant system using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace, before and after the application of Bokashi. On the one hand, the of the Bokashi application showed a decrease of 33 % in Cd and 44 % in Pb in cacao beans and the soil shows a decrease of 20 % in Cd and 21 % in Pb. On the other hand, the analysis of mobility that was carried out before and after the application of Bokashi shows a Cd transfer of 2,13 % and 1,71 % in the soil-plant system. While the Pb concentration was below 1 %. Under this contest, the use of organic amendments constitutes an added value for the solution in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to study the stability of pH and its influence on the availability and mobility of toxic metals in the soil.